Large Language Models Show Metacognitive Sensitivity in Medical Reasoning
New psychophysics-inspired testing reveals how LLMs evaluate clinical uncertainty in complex medical diagnoses.
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated and used in medicine, but clinical usefulness depends on answer accuracy and whether confidence tracks evidence quality and uncertainty. We developed a controlled, psychophysics-inspired clinical benchmark to test diagnostic...
ArXiv CS.AI
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This research reveals that LLMs possess a measurable degree of metacognitive awareness, allowing them to adjust confidence based on the strength and clarity of clinical evidence. Such calibration is essential for safe medical deployment, as it helps identify specific scenarios where model overconfidence could lead to diagnostic errors.
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